The Nez Perce call this place the ‘ickum ‘kum ‘eelxnim, which means place of the buffalo calf. My mom and my dad used to bring me here along time ago when I was just a kid. We used to come back over here. They would come over here and hear stories. I remember Josiah Red Wolf used to be with them, as well as Mazie Ramsey and all them that used to come here in this area. I used to hear some of the stories then from my mom and my dad. They used to tell me, “my relatives died here.” I had relatives on my mom’s side that died here and so I really became intrigued with it.

We need this pride in our young people today. Some of our young Nez Perce today have no idea about some of the sacrifices that our old people have done to be where we are now. These warriors, women, and children, that were here, and died here, suffered here. People like my daughter, they need to hear these stories. I see more young people showing up ever so often. Not all of them are going to learn but a few of them are going to take part and learn as much as they can. Maybe down the road, some of the younger ones there when they get older will say, “I should have listened, I should have listened.” Then maybe somewhere along the way the ones that were listening can teach. Again, process of oral history.